Sustainable Tourism free essay sample

Introduction As defined by the World Tourism Organization (WTO), tourism comprises the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, and other purposes. Key concepts of sustainable development and sustainable tourism, values and ethics of sustainable tourism and the needs of sustainability in all form of tourism shall be discussed in this essay. 2. 1 Sustainable Tourism Since World War II, tourism has developed from a relatively minor activity to the worlds largest industry. The travelling within more developed countries as well as from more developed countries to less developed countries generally increased. It also consists of the majority of middle classes travelling among less developed countries but also to the more developed countries. The term sustainable tourism emerged from a broader discourse on the idea of sustainable development (Bramwell and Lane, 1993). It aims to obtain economic, socio-cultural and environmental benefits and helping to conserve the environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainable Tourism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Tourism which is developed and maintained in an area (community, environment) in such a manner and at such a scale that it remains viable over an indefinite period and does not degrade or alter the environment (human and physical) in which it exist to such a degree that it prohibits the successful development and well-being of other activities and processes (Butler 1993 in Wahab and Pigram 1997, p44). According to Jafari, the global tourism sector has been influenced and described by a few model platforms, advocacy, cautionary, adaptancy and knowledge-based platforms. At the later stage, Macbeth (2005) rethought the model and proposed the other 2 models, sustainable and value full platforms. These distinct perspectives provide a useful structure for understanding the outgrowth and development of sustainable tourism. However these platforms do not represent a pure type or ideology but rather be used for understanding for stakeholders on tourism and it is not mutually exclusive. 2. 1. 1 Advocacy platform The advocacy platform was the first to appear in the post-war period during the 1950s to 1960s and was characterized by the strong support for tourism. There were a few factors leading to the appearance and ascendancy of this pro-tourism. The tendency to travel for recreational purposes of the middle class in the more developed countries grew after World War II. The cost of travel was reduced and the accessibility to more destinations was opened to a larger market. Less developed countries was made favorable to economic development judging the inexhaustible supply of resources such as the local culture, scenery and beaches. Economic benefits Tourism generates direct revenues as well as indirect revenues to the country. In this case it creates a large number of employments to the direct or indirect sectors for the unskilled labor force. It also serves as a generator of infrastructure. Socio-cultural and environment benefits Tourism promotes cross-cultural understanding and, ultimately, world peace, through direct contact between host and guest (DAmore, 1988). It also provides an incentive to conserve the tradition, natural and man-made environment. The iconic heritage sites such as the Great Wall of China, Egyptian pyramids of Giza and Machu Picchu of Peru would seriously be the tourism attraction of the countries. Therefore a portion of the revenue can be allocated for maintenance or restoration purposes. 2. 1. 2 Cautionary platform Cautionary platform was emerged in the late 1960s to 1970s due to several factors contributing it. It has been argued that unrelated tourism development ultimately rises in unacceptably high economic, environmental and socio-cultural cost for the locals of the destinations, who are losing out as a result of these costs. For less developed countries, the intensification of tourism development had been developed where negative impacts became increasingly visible. Economic costs Cautionary platform showed that tourism employment generate low wages, part time, unskilled, seasonal job and employee does not have the opportunity to entitle to benefits as well as upward mobility. In the long-run pattern of seasonal nature of tourist demand, it creates a respectively under-capacity and over-capacity which resulted instability to the country economy. Socio-cultural and environmental costs With the increased of tourism development, the country has to destroy part of the natural environment to build large scale resorts, golf course or marina to attract the tourists. Natural environments such as beaches, forest or lakes are being destroyed due to the over-populated and over-congestion. The culture and the locals are also being commoditized by the visitors as the residents have to adapt products and services to the tourists demand rather than their own community. With the increased of tourism activities, illegal and criminal activities are inevitable which disrupt the structure of the host society. Advocacy and Cautionary platforms are largely concerned with imparts of tourism which leads to the third platform of adaptation where alternative platform of tourism. 2. 1. 3 Adaptancy platform The appearance of adaptancy platform was introduced in the late 1970s and early 1980s. This platform was introduced after cautionary platform identified the potential negative impacts of tourism but did not implement solutions to avoid these negative effects. It favored new form of tourism responsiveness to the host community, man-made environment, natural environment and socio-cultural. Employing of locals, utilizing local resources, being less destructive can be beneficial to the host community and guests. 2. 1. 4 Emergence of alternative tourism By supporting locally owned small-scale enterprises than externally owned and large scale enterprises leads to alternative tourism. Eco-tourism special interest tourism appeared as alternative tourism that attracts based on the natural environment. . 1. 5 Knowledge-Based platform Several factors gave rise in the late 1980s and 1990s according to Jafari (2001) which he terms the knowledge-based platform. It is based on scientific foundation, research-based to provide objective analysis. This platform emphasize on holistic, system-based approached. By studying the whole tourism system, understanding its underlying structures and functions so that proper assessment can be done to manage the touris m sector. 3. 1 Sustainable Development Sustainable development is defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (Brundtland Report, 1987). Essentially, sustainable development advocates the wise use and conservation of resources in order to maintain their long-term viability (Eber, 1992, p. 1). The principles of sustainable development are ecological sustainability, economic sustainability, social sustainability and cultural sustainability (Jamieson, et al, 2000). Ecological sustainability refers to the direction towards ecological principles and biological diversify. Economical sustainability refers to development economically efficient within generations. Social sustainability refers to the increase of peoples control over their own lives; maintain and strengthen community identity. Cultural sustainability refers to development compatible with the culture and values of affected people. The above-mentioned shows the need for sustainability in all form of tourism in order to sustain. 3. 2 Eco-Tourism In the mid-1980s, eco-tourism is closely associated. The International Ecotourism Society (TIES, 1990) defined that responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people. Ecotourism is about conservation of environment with minimum impart, build environmental and cultural awareness and respect, providing positive experience for both host and visitors, provide financial benefits for the host and raising sensitivity to host countries political, environmental, and social climate. Singapore Environment Council (SEC), foster greater appreciation of the environment amongst the community as a whole. The objective of the non-profit organization is to promote greater public awareness concerning the living and natural environment in Singapore, encouraging public to be more environmentally conscious and display a greater sense of environmental responsibility. They also organized environmental promotion and protection in Singapore or the purpose of conserving the nature areas such as Bukit Timah Reserve, Pulua Ubin, Sungei Buloh Nature Park. 4. Local Conditions The economic, socio-cultural and environmental factors play an important part in a country. The interplay of social, economic and environmental conditions can have a profound impact on the perceived importance of tourism and the relative power of different interest groups within the destination (Dredge 2001b, 2006a). Economic factors refer to the assets and revenues of a country. For instance, the more developed countries will have the ability to supply or inject more money to conserve their natural or man-made environment, or even build large-scale resorts and golf course to attract tourists to the country. For less-developed countries, due to their low standard of living and undeveloped infrastructures, the countries do not have the ability to invest the money for conserving the environment. Socio-cultural factors refer to the socio structure, the values and cultures of a society. The culture of a community can be very different from other community. For example, Singaporeans are more conservative compared to the westerners. Environmental factors refer to the environment, nature and location of a country. The natural structure of a country is hard to change. For example, Singapore is a small island with neither forest nor mountain whereas the Himalayas Mountain in Tibet is a natural resource. Therefore planning is important, as good tourism planning can sustain the environment more successfully. Reciprocally, poor tourism planning can result harm to the natural habitat, overcrowding in a place and creates pollutions. 5. Values Jafaris knowledge-based platform took a scientific and objective view of tourism and a system approach to the industry. However, Macbeth confidently believes that knowledge, policy, planning and development decisions are value-based. Concluding that no matter how many scientific facts, priorities and decisions made will be based on what the stakeholders believe. Hence, Value-Full or ethics-based platform was proposed (Macbeth, 2005). It encourages the stakeholders to question the motives, ethics and morality during the consideration of the consequences of tourism within a economic, socio-cultural and environmental framework. The United Nations, the general assembly adopted the Millennium Declaration on 8 September 2000, recognizing it as a collective responsibility to uphold the principle of human dignity, equality and equality at the global level. Fundamental values essential to international relations include freedom, equality, solidarity, tolerance, and respect for nature and shared responsibility are considered. Freedom refers to human rights to live their lives without the fear of violence or injustice. Equality refers to the equal rights and opportunities of different genders, race or religion to benefit from development. Solidarity refers to the sharing of costs and burdens between those who benefit more or to those who benefit less. Tolerance should also be respected within human beings in the difference of belief, culture and language. Respecting of nature must be shown of all natural resources and living species in order to sustain for the future generation. Responsibility must be shared to manage worldwide economic, social development as well as threats to international peace and security. 6. Global Code of Ethics The Global Code of Ethics is a set of principle which is used to guide the stakeholders as well as visitors in tourism development. The Global Code of Ethics for Tourism is believed to help minimize the negative impacts of tourism on the environment and on cultural heritage while maximizing the benefits for residents of tourism destination (WTO). The stakeholders in tourism development should implement the principles and follow closely to it. Mutual understanding between peoples and societies, the respect of cultural and religious traditions should be observed. For example, Lijiang Ancient Town, China, acquiring World Heritage status in 1997 and since then four million tourists has passed through the town. According to X. Su and P. Teo, a questionnaire survey was used to ascertain the local perceptions on heritage and the state (2008: p. 153).

Profile of Tanystropheus

Profile of Tanystropheus Tanystropheus is one of those marine reptiles (technically an archosaur) that looked like it came straight out of a cartoon: its body was relatively unremarkable and lizard-like, but its long, narrow neck extended out for a disproportionate length of 10 feet, about as long as the rest of its trunk and tail. Even stranger, from a paleontological perspective, the exaggerated neck of Tanystropheus was supported by only a dozen extremely elongated vertebrae, whereas the long necks of the much longer sauropod dinosaurs of the later Jurassic period (to which this reptile was only distantly related) were assembled from a correspondingly larger number of vertebrae. (The neck of Tanystropheus is so strange that one paleontologist interpreted it, over a century ago,  as the tail of a new genus of pterosaur!) Name: Tanystropheus (Greek for long-necked one); pronounced TAN-ee-STROH-fee-us Habitat: Shores of Europe Historical Period: Late Triassic (215 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 20 feet long and 300 pounds Diet: Probably fish Distinguishing Characteristics: Extremely long neck; webbed hind feet; quadrupedal posture Why did Tanystropheus possess such a cartoonishly long neck? This is still a matter of some debate, but most paleontologists believe this reptile perched alongside the shorelines and riverbeds of late Triassic Europe and used its narrow neck as a kind of fishing line, plunging its head into the water whenever a tasty vertebrate or invertebrate swam by. However, its also possible, though comparatively unlikely, that Tanystropheus led a primarily terrestrial lifestyle, and hoisted up its long neck to feed on smaller lizards perched high up in trees. ​A recent analysis of a well-preserved Tanystropheus fossil discovered in Switzerland supports the fisherman reptile hypothesis. Specifically, the tail of this specimen shows an accumulation of calcium carbonate granules, which can be interpreted as meaning that Tanystropheus had especially well-muscled hips and powerful hind legs. This would have provided an essential counterweight to this archosaurs comically long neck and prevented it from tumbling into the water when it snagged and attempted to reel in a big fish. Helping to confirm this interpretation, another recent study shows that the neck of Tanystropheus only accounted for one-fifth of its body mass, the remainder concentrated in the rear portion of  this archosaurs  body.

Business communication Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business communication - Outline Example They vary mainly in the decision making process, that is, in the Centralized Structure, the topmost management controls all the decision making and exercises strict control over the lower layers of the structure. In a Decentralized Structure however, everyone is involved in the decision making process A well designed Organization structure gives out the authority and responsibility to the respective individuals. If each person in the organization knows what his role is, a lot of chaos can be avoided in the organization. (organizationalstructure.net). With the help of the organizational chart, individuals can understand their roles and how to relate to one another in the organization. An organization chart gives the pattern of communication and coordination in the organization. This would also hinder the exchange of information and efficient problem solving. (taxarticles.info). Hopgood Sports Limited: Problems In spite of good business acumen of the management, there seem to be certai n problems with the running of Hopgood Sports Limited, in terms of organization, or technically, the lack thereof. Some of the problems are: 1. Staffing problems: Hopgood Sports Limited seems to be understaffed, in spite of the fact that they can afford it quite easily. 2. Inaccessibility of decision maker: The management, i.e. Mr. Hopgood, is not always easily accessible because he is always on the move from one store to another. This causes a lot of decision making to be put on hold and also may cost various opportunities for Hopgood Sports Limited. 3. Technological backwardness, with physical distances between the various stores acting as a major impediment for efficient management 4. The Organizational Structure of Hopgood Sports Limited also is not up to the mark. This has been discussed further below. Current Organization Structure of Hopgood Sports Limited: From the above illustrated current organizational structure of Hopgood Sports Limited, we can see that there is no unifo rmity in the structure, that is, in the different branches of the store. The structure of each store is different from the other in terms of number of employees and accountability. This might be fine for now but will lead to a lot of chaos and confusion in the future, when Hopgood Sports Limited is on the pathway to further expansion. A lack of uniformity in the structure also will leave the employees confused when it comes to inter store communication as they may not know with whom they must communicate what information. Also, it does not clearly explain the accountability of the employees. Recommendations for Hopgood sports limited Hopgood Sports is a good, stable business with few glitches that a well designed Organizational Structure can rectify. Here are some of the recommendations for Hopgood Sports Limited. 1. Mr. Hopgood seems to have bitten off more than he can chew. He is seriously overworked and the main reason for this is that Hopgood Sports Limited is not well staffed. He should hire more people for employment in his various stores. Since, he can afford to do that, after recruitment and apportionment, he can take a backseat and concentrate on supervising the running of the place instead of running all around the city that might make Hopgood Sports Limited more susceptible to expansion. 2. Mr. Hopgood’s inaccessibility can easily be solved with the above point. If he were to be at a particular store as head office, he could be

Public Spending Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Public Spending - Essay Example The public expenditure was raised in the 20th century due to the impact of the world wars. Before the World War I, the public expenditure was about 15% of the GDP. After the war it appeared to be about 25% of the GDP and maintained the level in the next few years. It did change during the starting phase of depression in the economic conditions (Chantrill, 2010). After the World War II, the public expenditure had increased and it was budgeted to consume 35% of the GDP and this level was retained till 1950s. The public expenditure was slowly raised in the year 1960 and it increased in early 1980s consuming about 45% of the GDP (Chantrill, 2010). Public expenditure rose by 0.7 percent of the GDP from 1999-2008. A decade ago, according to the OECD statistics, UK public spending was registered at 8.7 percent of the GDP below the Euro area average. By 2008, this figure had been registered at 1.3 percent below the Euro area average (IOD, 2008). There were lot of instability in the public expending regarding the defence system. The spending in defence expense was increased before the World War II. 3.5% of the GDP was used in defence spending in the year 1935 and reached to 15.9% in 1939. After the commencement of the World War II, the British Government started to assemble most of its resources for the war. The expenditure was over 40% of the GDP on the defence system for four years and it was raised to 46.37% of GDP in 1943 (Chantrill, 2010). The public expenditure in development of the state of education was expanded from 2% of GDP in 1990 to 6% of GDP in the second decade of 21st century. The spending in this sector has been increased to 3.37% of GDP in 1955. During the starting phase of 1956 the spending was increased rapidly and it accounted to 4% of GDP in 1960 and 6.5% of GDP in 1975 (Chantrill, 2010). There has been a decrease in the spending during the period of 1970 to 1980. In 1989 it reached to 4.25%

Write 4 page research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Write 4 page - Research Paper Example The number of Arabs immigrants has rapidly grown due to the changes in the United States laws and the increased political and economic hardships in Middle East countries. Arabs Americans are the fastest growing minorities in America. The Arabs who first arrived in United Stated were comparatively homogenous groups of persons. Most of the Arabs immigrants were Christians from Lebanon and Syria. Most of them came from remote areas where they had limited access to formal education. The recent Arabs immigrants tend to be more diversified in terms of their educational achievement, religious background, and terms of their country of origin (Short 300). Arabs Americans are almost in every state, although they are more likely to be located at one place such as Chicago, New York, San Francisco, Detroit, Los Angeles, and Boston. The cities have large neighborhoods of Arabs Americans communities and have Arabic grocery stores, restaurants, and other businesses. The largest Arab Americans neighborhood is found Dearborn, Michigan. Arab Americans have become one of the most diverse groups of people in United States. Around 50 percent are Christians while the other 50 percent are Muslims. Some of the Arab immigrants trace their roots in African nations while others trace their origin in Asian countries. Some Arab Americans are born in America with their parents and grandparents born in United States making these Arabs have the little knowledge of the Arabic language. Others have immigrated to United States recently and therefore they are fluent in Arabic and can speak a bit of English. Arab Americans are also diversified in terms of income and jobs. Some are professional lawyers and doctors while others work in farms and factories. Many Arab Americans are a business owner of large enterprises. Some Arab women work as homemakers while others are found in all kinds of professions. Research shows that Arab Americans have better education level compared to average American

Lossless predictive coding

Lossless predictive coding Objective of the project Generating Huffman codeword using Huffman Coding to be transmitted to the decoder. Compare and analyze quality of 7 linear, fixed different Differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) predictors to find out which one achieves the best compression ratio. Compare and derive the compressed image against the original image to ensure our result has lossless compression. Introduction As we know, there is strong correlation or connection between spatially adjacent pixels. The aim of the predictive coding is to remove redundancy between consecutive pixels to facilitate the encoding of only the residual portion between actual and predicated (only new information). In other way, a pixel is coded as the difference between its actual value and a predicted value, which was computed from previously decoded values. As a result of that, compression ratio depends on the variance of the image, level of quantization of the difference values and quality of the prediction. After predictive coding, we can start to compress the original file size by using Differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) encoding and make a Huffman entropy codebook before transmitting the image. The decoder uses the Huffman codebook to first decode the Huffman entropy and followed by decoding Differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) to derive the constructed image.. Experimental result Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) Encoding Encode original Lena512.pgm image to DPCM values using 7 linear and fixed different Predictor methods: A (A + C)/2 (A + B + C)/3 A+B-C A+(B-C)/2 B+(A-C)/2 (A+B)/2 According to 7 above formulas, we can compute the difference between the previous pixel and current one. The predictor code table result will be sent to the next step, entropy encoder. The results show that the DPCM predictor B + (A -C)/2 achieves the best compression Ratio Entropy encoder (Huffman coding): Below part shows how the approach of Huffman coding is generated: Step 1: Retrieve the output of DPCM encoding. Step 2: Each value from DPCM encoding will be generated according to each occurrence probability in descending order. Step 3: Assign the Huffman codeword for each computed probability value For example: Each child probabilities is added to create the parent. The adding of probabilities continues until the root with final probability 1.0 as shown above. Hence, the Huffman Coding Table is formed. A bit is assigned to every node. The 0 bit is assigned to every left sub-tree of every node and the 1 bit is assigned to every right sub-tree of every node. Average length per symbol = 10.6+20.2+30.1+30.1= 1.6 bits/symbol In our experiment, since the optimal predictor is B + (A -C)/2, the codebook is generated according to this predictor. The DPCM values ranges from [-75, 87]. The table below shows the first 8 values among 162 DPCM values in Huffman codebook. RESULT DISCUSSIONS: (Optimal Predictor B + (A -C)/2, Encoding Part) Average bit/pixel=Compressed Size (Bits) / (columns x rows) =Compressed Size/ (512 x 512) After generating 162 codewords we are able to achieve 902428 bits. The derived average bit/pixel is approximately 3.442 bits/pixel. Compression Ratio= Original image size / Compressed image size Compression Ratio= 8 bits / (Average bit/pixel) (image resolution: 8 bits per pixel) The original image (Lena512.pgm picture) is a fixed 8 bits/pixel. Therefore, the compression ratio is 8/3.442=2.3239 by using Huffman codes. In order to write a file into binary bit format, the 8 binary adjacent bits is read and converted an integer. For Huffman decoding, the integers are written into a file. Entropy decoder (Huffman Decoding): The Huffman decoder uses the compressed image to regenerate the DPCM table. The compressed file integers are read and converted into a set of binary bits. If the binary code is not a prefix of any code, read each and every bit in the codebook to find a match. If no match is found, continue the search till a match is found in the codebook. Retreive the corresponding DPCM value for the binary code set. Step 2 is repeated until the binary set is exhausted. A DPCM table is generated and this is called the DPCM decoding process. For example: After converting integers into a set of binary bits, we have encoded bit stream of the first few pixels: 110111001101110011011101 According to Huffman lookup table, the corresponding DPCM values are: 87 87 86 DPCM Decoding: After decoding DPCM, the reconstructed image is retrieved. According to the above images, it can be concluded that the compression is a lossless one. There is no difference between original image and compressed one, as above images shown in reality or DPCM values encoded and decoded in theory. Project Discussion Analyzing Different Predictors for Lena.pgm Through above diagram, we can see the compression ratio of using one neighboring pixel (Predictor 1: A) for prediction is lower than using two or three neighboring pixels. And predictors which use 2 neighboring pixels have lower compression ratio than ones with 3 neighboring pixels Analyzing Different Predictors for other images: To further evaluate performance of the predictors, 4 different images were chosen to compute the effects the performance of the predictors. From the above diagrams, compression ratio of methods from 3 to 6 (They are: (A + B + C)/3, A+B-C, A+ (B-C)/2, B+ (A-C)/2 ) is higher than the rest. As there is strong connection between adjacent pixels, any predictor which can utilize connection between adjacent pixels produces good compression ratio As a result of that, the methods which use 1 or 2 neighboring pixels can not utilize this connection well. For example: Predictor A is used (only 1 pixel is used) for the first method. The encoded values are dependent on the previous value of the same row. Thus, the first columns values cannot be predicted or this predictor does not use connection between neighboring pixels appropriately. On the other hand, the images that fall at the center region have a lower compression ratio than ones which spreads over the entire white-grey-black scale.. Since the conducted experiments pertain only on .pgm format images (Black-And-White image), it is unable to determine compression ratio of colored images (RGB, YCbCr, HSV color bases) Conclusion According to all above experiments and diagrams, we can assert that there is no one definite predictor for every image to achieve best compression ratio because different images need different predictors to achieve better compression results. In general, since there is strong correlation between spatially adjacent pixels, any predictor which can utilize connection between adjacent pixels produces good compression ratio. In our experiment compression method from 3 to 6 will produce better compression than the rest. In reality, Static Huffman Coding is popular and easy to implement but does not obtain theoretically optimum number of bits to encode symbols because of condition: Huffman codeword must be an integer number of bits long, e.g. if probability of 1 symbol is 0.9, the optimum code word size should be 0.15 bits but in Huffman Coding, it is 1 bit. Moreover, if symbol probabilities are unknown or not stable (source changes), Dynamic Huffman coding should be chosen but the implementation is very complicated. On the other hand, so as to achieve non-integer length coding and probability derived in real-time, Arithmetic coding is a good alternative. However, the implementation of Arithmetic coding is slow due to many multiplications (in some cases, divisions).

The higher the temperature of the sodium thiosulphate the faster the :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

The higher the temperature of the sodium thiosulphate the faster the reaction of the two liquids. Information. According to the kinetic theory all matter is made up of tiny, invisible particles that move all the time. When the temperature is increased around or on these particles, the faster they move. Heavier particles move more slowly than light ones at a given temperature. This theory defines the differences between solids liquids and gasses; in a gas the particles move freely and at random in all the space available, in solids particles only vibrate around fixed positions and in liquids the particles have some freedom and can move around each other. Using the kinetic theory we can explain changes in the state of substances as they are heated and cooled. We can also explain dissolving and diffusion using the kinetic theory. The kinetic theory says that gases diffuse to fill up the space around them. This explains how the smell of cooking can be smelt all over the house after a short period of time. It's not only gases that diffuse, diffusion occurs in liquids too. Diffusion involves the movement of particles from a region of higher concentration towards a region of lower concentration. The kinetic theory can be used to explain the factors affecting the rates of reaction, this is an extension to the kinetic theory called the collision theory. The collision theory says that Chemical reactions occur when particles of the reactants collide. They must collide with a certain minimum energy, called the activation energy. To summarise, the requirements for an effective collision (for a chemical reaction to occur): The reactants must collide with each other, The molecules must have sufficient energy to initiate the reaction (called activation energy). Planning This experiment is to discover what affects rate of reaction. In this experiment there are two solutions used, Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid. (Sodium Thiosulphate + Hydrochloric Acid) (Na2S2O3 (aq) + 2HCl (aq) In this reaction, a fine precipitate of sulphur slowly forms, to measure the rate of reaction, we time how long it takes to form the precipitate. Five of the most common ways to influence the rate of reaction can be explained using collision theory. They are: changing the nature of the reactants, changing the concentration of one or more of the reactants, changing the temperature at which a reaction is performed, changing the surface area of a solid reactant, adding a catalyst. I have chosen to study how the rate of reaction changes when the temperature of the sodium thiosulphate is varied. Before we could conduct the experiment there was some preliminary work to be done. This was to find out what amount of each liquid would be

Monkey: Journey to the west Essay

Monkey: Journey to the West is a story of an adventure for enlightenment to India in order to find ancient Buddhist scriptures. The story consists of Chinese legends, tales, and superstitions. Daoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism play a huge role throughout this story. Monkey: Journey to the West is a story that discusses religion, and moral issues. The monkey acts the way he does due to underlying religious themes played throughout the story. At first understanding why the Monkey acts the way he does may seem difficult. However, after reading deeper through the story one learns that social satire in the Monkey is what gives him his rebellious personality. The end of the story reveals the hidden spiritual meaning behind the monkeys change in actions. Monkey: Journey to the West is told in three major parts. The first being the monkeys early life history and spirit, and the second about Tripitakas family and history before leaving to obtain the religious Buddhist scriptures. The remaini ng section has to do with his three animal spirit disciples, monkey, pig, and a fish. The story of the Monkey shows the struggles of educating oneself on a spiritual path. The characters are representations of religious figures in Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism. The Monkey represents restlessness and powerful energy, which has to be under control before the journey to the religious scriptures can start. After a while he becomes worried about the thought of death and reincarnation. Buddhists believe in cycle of birth, life and death in order to achieve what they call Nirvana. One must release their self desire in order to obtain the ultimate goal. The Monkey desires to be immortal, however Confucianism recognizes death to be one of the most important times in ones life. Monkey decides that he must explore the ends of the world in order to find a way to get around death and reincarnation because he is not happy with the ways on the three religions. His journey leads him across oceans and over mountains to the Cave of the Slanting Moon where the immortal Patriarch lives. Monkey decides to become a student of the Patriarch in order to gain his knowledge on becoming immortal. Monkey abuses the situation and he is let go by the patriarch due to his extremist actions. When Monkey learns ways of being immortal he returns home and he is more greedy than ever. Greed is looked down upon in Buddhism, Confuscism, and Taoism. Monkey then continues his journey to the dragons and takes their treasures in an ungrateful manner. He uses immoral and threatening actions  to obtain his goals, which are clearly looked down upon. At this time the Monkey is beginning to upset a lot of people, and even the Jade Emperor of Heaven is becoming upset. Monkey totally disgregards everyones feelings and continues to act in such a rude and immoral manner. Monkey still has a desire for more so he eats the immortal fruits, drinks the immortal wine, and he even takes Lao Tzu’s special pills. At this point heaven is becoming even more angry over the Monkeys actions. The Monkey returns home and Heaven implements another attack on him. This attack was successful, Heaven defeated the monkey with the help of Buddha and Lao Tzu. In conclusion Monkey is imprisoned for 500 years. At the end of they story the Monkey has a huge change in mind set due to some help.. The Monkey changes when Hsuang-tsang gives him a second chance to prove himself. Hsuang-tsang stays within the same morals and values of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. The qualities of forgivenes are in each path to reaching great peace. Monkey realizes the way he acted before being imprisoned was not suitable for his pilgrimage he set out on. Monkey becomes a student of Hsuang-tsang and joins his journey to India. The Buddha shows the Monkey. He explains to him how his spiritual mind has opened his inner soul to help interpret and accept forgiveness from others. Thus, helping Monkey reach his own spiritual purpose.

Free Essays on Clone

Should Human Cloning Be Permitted? For years, part of the American public, and humans in general, have been fascinated with the possibility of creating human life by other than natural means. There are many who strongly disagree with the idea of human cloning. It certainly wasn't surprising when they were able to clone a sheep and will not be the least surprised if someday scientist's will be able to clone a human being. Should cloning for human benefits or even human cloning itself be allowed in society today? That is a question we must ask ourselves? On one side of the issue are those who believe that human cloning should be permitted. One thing that shows this, is what human cloning research may bring. Those who opposed to a ban believe that human cloning research could bring substantial benefits, including the development of new treatments for cystic fibrosis, other diseases and the ability to create animal with normal compatible organs for transplant. (1."Should Congress Prohibi t All Human Cloning Experimentation",Pg 34). From my opinion, I believe that human cloning is just a huge step towards negativism in human life's, rather than simply being the next step in fertility technology. There might be a possibility that human cloning research may result in the discovery of a cure for diseases and the growing of human organs, but the disadvantages are that many years as well as money may be need it. Also several experts told the committee that cloning might be the only chance for many infertile couples to have their own genetically related children.(2.Gorman,Pg66). For what I see these cases are rarely seen, and the little amount of couples who suffer of infertility are more likely to adopt a child. Infertility, is not the cause. This is not the main reason why scientists are coming up with the idea of human cloning. What I believe is that scientists are just making propaganda in order to make the public to get on their side. Another ... Free Essays on Clone Free Essays on Clone Should Human Cloning Be Permitted? For years, part of the American public, and humans in general, have been fascinated with the possibility of creating human life by other than natural means. There are many who strongly disagree with the idea of human cloning. It certainly wasn't surprising when they were able to clone a sheep and will not be the least surprised if someday scientist's will be able to clone a human being. Should cloning for human benefits or even human cloning itself be allowed in society today? That is a question we must ask ourselves? On one side of the issue are those who believe that human cloning should be permitted. One thing that shows this, is what human cloning research may bring. Those who opposed to a ban believe that human cloning research could bring substantial benefits, including the development of new treatments for cystic fibrosis, other diseases and the ability to create animal with normal compatible organs for transplant. (1."Should Congress Prohibi t All Human Cloning Experimentation",Pg 34). From my opinion, I believe that human cloning is just a huge step towards negativism in human life's, rather than simply being the next step in fertility technology. There might be a possibility that human cloning research may result in the discovery of a cure for diseases and the growing of human organs, but the disadvantages are that many years as well as money may be need it. Also several experts told the committee that cloning might be the only chance for many infertile couples to have their own genetically related children.(2.Gorman,Pg66). For what I see these cases are rarely seen, and the little amount of couples who suffer of infertility are more likely to adopt a child. Infertility, is not the cause. This is not the main reason why scientists are coming up with the idea of human cloning. What I believe is that scientists are just making propaganda in order to make the public to get on their side. Another ...

Diana essays

Diana essays The life of Lady Diana, Princess of Wales, continues to inspire the world today. Ever since she was a child, Diana put smiles on peoples faces. As she grew older, began dating Prince Charles, celebrated her highly publicized wedding and participated in royal duties as part of the British monarchy, Diana always seemed to make everyone have a better outlook on themselves. Even in death, she continues to be a positive influence on people everywhere. Princess Diana was born on July 1, 1961 at Park House, to Edward John and Frances Spencer, her proud parents. Dianas parents had the royal titles of Viscount and Viscountess Althrop. Her own title was the Honorable Diana Frances Spencer. They were an extremely noble family. Diana had two sisters, Sarah and Jane, and a brother named Charles (Diana as a Child Internet). She always did things her own way, yet she was a delightful child. She was taught to have extremely good manners and to be on her best behavior at all times (Darling 10-11). Dianas father worked for Queen Elizabeth and the two families (the Spencers and the Windsors) would spend time at the Sandringham house. The children would play together and swim all day long (Darling 12-13 ) Diana was an intelligent child. She attended the prep school, Riddlesworth Hall in Diss, Norfolk. In 1974, Diana was sent to a boarding school called West Heath, near Sevenoaks, Kent. While studying there, Diana became an accomplished pianist and received many awards. In 1977, she was sent to finishing school at the Institute of Alpine Videmantte in Rougemont, Switzerland (Diana as a Child Internet). Despite of all the finishing schools Diana was sent to, she still enjoyed sports. Diana really liked swimming, tennis, and netball. Diana also had a love for dancing, and often said that she was obsessed with the ballet (Darling 18). At the age of sixteen, Diana had never been on an airplane, so that December...

Land Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Land Law - Essay Example This paper will analyze a case scenario which involves situations of easement rights, mortgage laws, and restrictive easements. Easement rights In English law, easement is an individual’s right over another’s land. In other words, â€Å"an easement is a right over one piece of land existing for the benefit of another piece of land† (plainlaw solicitors). The common easement rights recognised include the right to use way/driveway or light, the right to park a car on neighbour’s land, or even to use a neighbour’s lavatory. Some recent findings of the Law Commission indicate that at least 65% of registered freehold titles are subjected to easement rights (Law Commission & Ministry of Justice 2011). Although people have extensive easement rights under English law, land owners are not allowed to access a public highway without an easement right under certain circumstances. In order to claim an easement right successfully, the claim must meet the requirem ents of the common law definition. Danckwerts J in Re Ellenborough Park (1956) set forth four essential characteristics of an easement. The first essential feature of an easement is that ‘there must be a dominant and a servient tenement’ (Bailey 2012, pp. 205-207). ... It is particularly important to note that a claim of easement cannot be justified if the dominant and servient tenement come under a common ownership. Fourth, ‘the right claimed must be capable of forming the subject-matter of a grant’. It is the most complex characteristic of an easement and it must be definite and certain in its purpose (Ibid, pp. 205-207). Generally an easement is created in four different ways such as express grant or reservation, implied grant or reservation, prescription, and statute (NPC, n.d.). In most cases, easement rights are expressively created in a transfer document, and it is called easement creation by express grant or reservation. In case of creation of easements by implied grant or reservation, the right may be implied. The right to use way across the surrounding neighbour’s land to the public highway is an example of easement creation by implied grant/reservation. Sometimes an easement right will be created or granted following an open and unchallenged exercise for a long time. To illustrate, the right to use a way will be granted if the way has been uninterruptedly used for a long time (a minimum of 20 years). Finally, an easement right may be created by statute also. From the case scenario, it is clear that Anne sold a part of her land to Mike and Zara, who subsequently gained planning permission to convert an existing stable on the land. Here, it seems that Anne cannot prevent Mike and Zara from using the driveway that crosses her land because it is the only practical way to access the stable. The case context clearly says that the badly maintained country road is not a possible option for Mike and Zara. While analyzing the case, it is obvious that Mike and Zara

The role of the social worker - modern day social worker Essay

The role of the social worker - modern day social worker - Essay Example The formalisation of this profession implies a formal academic type of initiation into it. One learns social work as a course at the university level and has several openings in the job market based on one’s aptitude and area of interest. â€Å"The social work profession promotes social change, problem solving in human relationships, and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being† (IFSW, 2012). A social worker performs various roles and functions. He/She is an awareness creator, a liaison person, a facilitator, a voice for the underprivileged and much more. (S) he has the most crucial role to play, especially where the patient does not have any immediate kith and kin. The number of functions performed depends on the area where (s) he is active and the type of intervention or service required of him/her. A hospital is one such setting where social workers offer their services. The actual type of services rendered in a hospital depends on the sector in question viz. private, voluntary or statutory. Social workers have various goals in a health care organisation viz. to manage the risk involved, to develop programs for dialog, linking the community with the hospital, promoting research and education (Ontario Association of Social Workers, 2004). A person in the private sector has fewer privileges when compared to one from the government sector. Hence, the type of intervention will also differ. If a person has been the victim of an occupation hazard, the social worker faces an uphill task in giving justice to the aggrieved party. The extent to which the employee can be given compensation through legal recourse is limited. However, the social worker can make the employee aware of the state in which (s) he is and how one should adapt to the changed circumstance. This is the case even when a non-employee is forced to use hospital services due the ill-effects of the organisation concerned on the health of the former. This being the case,